Biology and Geology.Teoría, actividades y prácticas de laboratorio. 1º ESO Programa SELE • María del Mar Vera Sánchez
Contents and activities
UNIT 10. Ecosystems

10.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ECOSYSTEMS

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Biotope is the inert part of the ecosystem formed by:
  • the physical environment (rocks, air and/or water)
  • the abiotic factors: they are the physical and chemical elements of an ecosystem which affect living organisms, such as temperature, humidity, solar radiation, etc.
Biocenosis is the living part of the ecosystem formed by the set of living beings (animals, plants, fungi, protoctists and bacteria). They are known as biotic factors.

An ecosystem, therefore, consists of 3 elements:

  1. 1.  BIOTOPE: it includes the physical components and conditions of an ecosystem.
  2. 2.  BIOCENOSIS: it is the collection of organisms which lives in an ecosystem.
  3. 3.  RELATIONSHIPS: the living beings of an ecosystem are related to each other and to the physical environment.

Ecosystems can be very diverse:

  • They can be aquatic (e.g. a river) and terrestrial (e.g. a field).
  • They can be small and with well-defined limits, like for example, a lake, and they can be large and with undefined limits such as an ocean or a forest.

BIOMES are large geographical areas with similar climatic conditions that have similar ecosystems too.

The ECOSPHERE is formed by all ecosystems of the Earth.

Práctica de laboratorio PRÁCTICA DE LABORATORIO Nº 13: Red trófica de un lago.

video YouTube: Lincoln Learning Solutions “Earth’s Interconnected Cycles”

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